For acoustic work phospher bronze wound strings generally give the best tone. Gauge, depends on preference really. If you were doing fast electric lead work, bending the strings a lot you'd want light strings, For acoustic work .011/.012 - .052 is a good compromise for finger picking and strumming. If you are just doing rhythm strumming then a heavier set, say .013 - .054 might feel better. Yes 6 - 8 weeks is a good change over time. Although some players really like the bright, zingy tone of new strings and change them more often. Others like the mellower sound of played in strings. Again it's all down to preference.
If you want the strings to last longer wipe them over with a dry lint free cloth after each playing both on top and more importantly underneath where sweat and dirt collect and corrode the strings.
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