I can tell you how it works in chords in a key. In the Key of C, the minors are the ii,iii and vi or D,E and A. Since the vi is the relative minor of the root,C, that makes the key A minor. I always found it interesting that minor keys don't have a Key signature in standard. In the above example the key sig would be for the mother key C even though the tune is being played in minor.
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